Future: Going to

Going to is not a tense. It is a special expression to talk about the future.

Structure:

Subject + be + going + infinitive

The verb be is conjugated (past, present or future).

Use

For intention

We use going to when we have the intention to do something before we speak. We have already made a decision before speaking. Look at these examples:

• Jo has won the lottery. He says he's going to buy a Porsche.
• We're not going to paint our bedroom tomorrow.
• When are you going to go on holiday?

In these examples, we had an intention or plan before speaking. The decision was made before speaking.

For prediction

We often use going to to make a prediction about the future. Our prediction is based on present evidence. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:

• The sky is very black. It's going to snow.
• It's 8.30! You're going to miss the train!
• I crashed the company car. My boss isn't going to be very happy!

In these examples, the present situation (black sky, the time, damaged car) gives us a good idea of what is going to happen.

Source: https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-m_going-to.htm

Simple Past Activity

Present Perfect Continuous

Precent Perfect Continuous

The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		have has		been		base + ing

Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense:

	subject	auxiliary verb		auxiliary verb	main verb
+	I	have		been	waiting	for one hour.
+	You	have		been	talking	too much.
-	It	has	not	been	raining.
-	We	have	not	been	playing	football.
?	Have	you		been	seeing	her?
?	Have	they		been	doing	their homework?

Contractions

When we use the present perfect continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first auxiliary. We also sometimes do this in informal writing.

I have been	I've been
You have been	You've been
He has been She has been It has been John has been The car has been	He's been She's been It's been John's been The car's been
We have been	We've been
They have been	They've been

Here are some examples:

• I've been reading.
• The car's been giving trouble.
• We've been playing tennis for two hours.

This tense is used to talk about an action or actions that started in the past and continued until recently or that continue into the future:

We can use it to refer to an action that has finished but you can still see evidence.

·         Oh, the kitchen is a mess. Who has been cooking?

·         You look tired. Have you been sleeping properly?

·         I've got a a stiff neck. I've been working too long on computer.

It can refer to an action that has not finished.

·         I've been learning Spanish for 20 years and I still don't know very much.

·         I've been waiting for him for 30 minutes and he still hasn't arrived.

·         He's been telling me about it for days. I wish he would stop.

It can refer to a series of actions.

·         She's been writing to her regularly for a couple of years.

·         He's been phoning me all week for an answer.

·         The university has been sending students here for over twenty years to do work experience.

The present perfect continuous is often used with 'since', 'for', 'all week', 'for days', 'lately', 'recently', 'over the last few months'.

·         I've been wanting to do that for ten years.

·         You haven't been getting good results over the last few months.

·         They haven't been working all week. They're on strike

·         He hasn't been talking to me for weeks.

·         We've been working hard on it for ages.

·         I've been looking at other options recently.

·         He's been working here since 2001.

Future Tense (first part)

There are three forms to express the future: will or shall, going to, and present continous

WILL+INFINITIVE

It forms in all the persons, sometimes in the first person the form shall is used.

I will/shall go
you will go
he, she, it will go
we shall go
you will go
they will go

Contractions
Affirmative: will and shall = 'll
Negative: will = won't; shall = shan't

Interrogative form
Will you go?
Shall I go?
Won't we go?
Shan't I go?

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WILL AND SHALL

Tradicionally, shall is used for the first person (singular and plural) and will is used for the other persons; however, will and won't are very prevalent for the first person in modern English.

Will is used for predictions, speculations about future (I think..., I suppose..., I guess...), a promise, formal announcements or a unpremeditated decision.

• Changing shall for will in the first person indicates an unwavering will to do something.
• Changing will for shall with the other persons indicates a direction or obligation to each other.

Source: Larousse Inglés: Gramática.

Past tenses: simple, continuous, perfect

Present Perfect Continuous